The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.